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Data portal · Topic

Datasets for urban canopy parameterisation and modelling

Resources for representing cities in weather, climate and dispersion models: building-height and morphology maps, urban canopy parameters such as plan-area and frontal-area density, drag and exchange coefficients derived from simulations and experiments, and benchmark cases for testing urban schemes.

  • 49 resources
  • 8 field
  • 2 lab
  • 21 simulation
  • 18 tools & geometry
  • 1 benchmark

All 49 resources, largest first

  1. Large-eddy simulations of turbulent airflow over 314 realistic urban neighbourhoods from 62 cities in 20 countries, with plan-area densities from 0.05 to 0.75 and several wind directions. Provides canopy-averaged statistics and flow fields, which are useful for canopy parameterisation, model validation and machine learning of urban wind.

    Simulation Simulation outputGeometry LES

    2025 · CC BY-NC 4.0 · Paper: UrbanTALES: A comprehensive dataset of Urban Turbulent Airflow using systematic Large Eddy Simulations ↗

  2. 224 large-eddy simulations of flow over idealised building-block arrays. They systematically vary plan-area density (8 values, 0.0625 to 0.64), aligned and staggered layouts, 7 building-height distributions, and perpendicular or oblique wind. A parameter sweep for canopy parameterisation and model validation.

    Simulation Simulation outputGeometry LES

    2025 · CC BY-NC 4.0 · Paper: UrbanTALES: A comprehensive dataset of Urban Turbulent Airflow using systematic Large Eddy Simulations ↗

  3. Core dataset for testing regional climate models and urban schemes over Paris.

    Simulation Case setupSimulation output Mesoscale model

    Paris, France · 2026 · CC BY 4.0

  4. World Urban Morphological Parameters Open Dataset in COG and WRF-WPS formats.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    2024 · CC BY 4.0

  5. Modified source code, simulation directories and postprocessing for multi-layer SURFEX-TEB coupling with Meso-NH for urban climate of high-rise cities. Useful for mesoscale urban modelling.

    Simulation Software & toolsSimulation output Mesoscale model

    2020 · CC BY 4.0

  6. Global LCZ map at 100 m from earth observation. Usable as input for urban climate models and morphology classification.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    2023 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science ↗

  7. U-Surf global urban surface property dataset for high-resolution urban climate modelling.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    2024 · CC BY-SA 4.0

  8. Météo-France/CNRM campaign from February 2004 to February 2005: a city-centre flux tower and surface stations, boundary-layer profilers and intensive periods on the urban heat island, the urban boundary layer and aerosols. Widely used to evaluate urban canopy schemes such as TEB.

    Benchmark Field Measurements

    Toulouse, France · 2005 · On request · Paper: The Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer (CAPITOUL) experiment ↗

  9. Resulting data and source code for an inhomogeneous wind scheme for urban street canyons, validated against CFD. Useful for street-canyon pollutant dispersion parameterisation.

    Collection · 5 parts Simulation Simulation outputSoftware & tools RANSAnalytical

    2022 · CC BY 4.0

  10. Code modifications making the U-Surf dataset compatible with WRF.

    Simulation Software & tools Mesoscale model

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  11. Raw simulation data and MATLAB scripts for a multi-scale analysis of flow over heterogeneous urban environments. Useful for urban boundary-layer and roughness research.

    Simulation Simulation outputSoftware & tools LES

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  12. Large (10 GB) dataset accompanying a study of multi-scale flow for scale-aware urban-canopy models; description is missing. Likely simulation output.

    Simulation Simulation output LES

    2026 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: Multi‐scale flow analysis for scale‐aware urban canopy models ↗

  13. PALM LES output for an urban crossing and a Berlin square (Ernst-Reuter-Platz) with different radiative transfer parameterisations. Useful for urban microclimate model comparison.

    Simulation Simulation output LES

    Berlin, Germany · 2020 · CC BY 4.0

  14. Input and output files for four WRF urban configurations over the Tel-Aviv coastal metropolitan area.

    Simulation Simulation outputCase setup Mesoscale model

    Tel Aviv, Israel · 2021 · CC0

  15. Global building height to side length ratio and roof albedo parameters for urban land surface models.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    2026 · CC BY 4.0

  16. Urban morphology parameters for British Columbia, Canada, for WRF.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    British Columbia, Canada · 2024 · CC BY 4.0

  17. Grid-cell morphology and microclimate indicators for 67 cities with STL building models for CFD.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    2026 · CC BY 4.0

  18. HEAT-ALARM urban morphology and environment database for highly resolved urban WRF simulations, including LCZ.

    Simulation GeometryCase setup Mesoscale model

    2024 · CC BY 4.0

  19. Training and testing data and code for UCNN, a deep-learning urban canopy model for complex building morphologies.

    Simulation Software & toolsSimulation output ML / surrogate

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  20. SUEWS V2020b inputs, model runs and code for heat and CO2 fluxes in Beijing. Useful for urban surface energy balance modelling.

    Simulation Simulation outputCase setupSoftware & tools Mesoscale model

    Beijing, China · 2022 · CC BY 4.0

  21. 100 m Local Climate Zone maps and morphology parameters for five Greek cities for numerical modelling.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    Greece · 2025 · CC BY 4.0

  22. ENVI-met parameterisations, inputs and postprocessing scripts for assessing grass grid pavers' heat mitigation. Useful for reproducing urban microclimate scenarios.

    Simulation Case setupSoftware & tools RANS

    2024 · CC BY 4.0

  23. Open database of over 300 million individual buildings across the EU, UK, Norway and Switzerland, with height, type and age, for city-scale geometry and morphology parameters.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    Europe · 2023 · ODbL 1.0 (mostly; some regional CC inputs) · Paper: EUBUCCO v0.1: European building stock characteristics in a common and open database for 200+ million individual buildings ↗

  24. Data for evaluating high-resolution urban climate simulations with urban canopy parameters. Useful for mesoscale urban model set-up and evaluation.

    Simulation Simulation outputGeometry Mesoscale model

    2020 · CC BY 4.0

  25. Raw urban canopy parameter measurements from fieldwork in Kampala (2018). Can be turned into detailed input fields for urban climate models.

    Field GeometryMeasurements

    Kampala, Uganda · 2020 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: Can local fieldwork help to represent intra-urban variability of canopy parameters relevant for tropical African climate studies? ↗

  26. National 10 m raster of building height for 2020, estimated from radar, optical and night-light imagery (RMSE about 6 m); a source of urban morphology for parameterisations and mesoscale models across China.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    China · 2020 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: A first Chinese building height estimate at 10 m resolution (CNBH-10 m) using multi-source earth observations and machine learning ↗

  27. JRC Global Human Settlement Layer estimate of average building height on a 100 m grid worldwide for 2018; a consistent source of urban morphology for parameterisations and mesoscale models.

    Tools & geometry Geometry

    Global · 2018 · Free reuse with acknowledgement (European Commission) · Paper: Advances on the Global Human Settlement Layer by joint assessment of Earth Observation and population survey data ↗

  28. Data and scripts to develop the dyOHM storage heat flux parameterisation and apply it in SUEWS at neighbourhood scale. Useful for urban surface energy balance modelling.

    Tools & geometry Software & toolsSimulation output Analytical

    2026 · CC BY 4.0

  29. Model code and data for COSMO-BEP-Tree, a coupled urban climate model with explicit street trees for regional simulations.

    Simulation Software & toolsSimulation output Mesoscale model

    2019 · CC BY 4.0

  30. Offline one-dimensional multi-layer urban canopy model code based on BEP and BEM.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  31. WRF simulations with several urban canopy model configurations used to study urban weather modelling. Useful for comparing urban parameterisations.

    Simulation Simulation output Mesoscale model

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  32. Notebooks and datasets for uncertainty quantification of WRF-SLUCM simulations related to urban morphology and heat stress.

    Simulation Simulation outputSoftware & tools Mesoscale model

    2026 · CC BY 4.0

  33. Reference implementation of the GSCC method for mapping relative urban ventilation capacity from building morphology at global scale. Useful for city-scale ventilation screening.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools Analytical

    2026 · MIT

  34. Analysis and visualisation code for simulating vertical profiles of meteorological variables in urban neighbourhoods with UVDM-SLUCM.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools

    2026 · CC BY 4.0

  35. Fortran code of a multilayer urban canopy model coupled with WRF.

    Simulation Software & tools Mesoscale model

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  36. Fortran code of the Real Urban Roughness scheme, an aerodynamic parameterisation for real urban morphology. Useful for urban canopy models.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools Analytical

    2025 · CC BY 4.0

  37. One of the world's longest urban flux records (tower running since 2004, successor to the BUBBLE experiment): half-hourly CO2, heat and momentum fluxes, friction velocity and stability with footprints for 2015–2025.

    Field Measurements

    Basel, Switzerland · 2025 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: Ten years of eddy covariance measurements in Basel, Switzerland: Seasonal and interannual variabilities of urban CO 2 mole fraction and flux ↗

  38. Long-running tall-tower eddy-covariance records of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 over downtown and suburban Indianapolis, with raw 10 Hz data for turbulence statistics.

    Field Measurements

    Indianapolis, United States · 2025 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: The INFLUX network – eddy covariance in and around an urban environment ↗

  39. Eddy-covariance flux and meteorological observations from Swindon, 2011-2013, with SUEWS forcing files. Useful for urban surface energy balance model evaluation.

    Field Measurements

    Swindon, UK · 2025

  40. W2W translates WUDAPT Local Climate Zone maps into urban canopy parameters for WRF.

    Simulation Software & tools Mesoscale model

    2022 · CC BY 4.0

  41. Quality-controlled half-hourly fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 from city towers in Zurich and Paris, plus Doppler wind-lidar profiles, released by the EU ICOS Cities (PAUL) project.

    Field Measurements

    Zurich and Paris · 2024 · CC BY 4.0

  42. CFD vertical wind profile results, wind-profile scheme functions and validation against observations for inhomogeneous urban canopies. Useful for parameterising urban wind profiles.

    Simulation Simulation output RANS

    2022

  43. VCWG predicts urban microclimate relative to a nearby rural climate.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools

    2021 · Open (other)

  44. Fluxes of CO2, heat, momentum and particles from the SMEAR III urban tower in Helsinki, 2005–2021.

    Field Measurements

    Helsinki, Finland · 2021 · CC BY 4.0 · Paper: Seasonal and annual variation of carbon dioxide surface fluxes in Helsinki, Finland, in 2006–2010 ↗

  45. MLUCM v1.0 source code, a one-dimensional multi-layer urban canopy model.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools

    2019 · Open (other)

  46. Python program to derive urban canopy parameters from 3D building and land-use datasets.

    Tools & geometry Software & tools

    2019 · Open (other)

  47. 2D PIV wind-tunnel data of turbulent boundary layers over twelve urban roughnesses with different frontal and plan solidities. Useful for studying turbulence statistics and parameterising urban roughness.

    Lab Measurements Wind tunnel

    2018 · Paper: Turbulent Flow Over Large Roughness Elements: Effect of Frontal and Plan Solidity on Turbulence Statistics and Structure ↗

  48. Urban atmospheric observations in London, including meteorological measurements on the BT Tower and Doppler lidar boundary-layer wind profiles. Useful for urban wind profiles, roughness and boundary-layer studies.

    Field Measurements

    2013 · Paper: Observations of wind speed profiles over Greater London, UK, using a Doppler lidar ↗

  49. Wind-tunnel measurements of near-wall flow over urban-like roughness, including form drag and roughness sublayer behaviour. Useful for rough-wall boundary-layer studies and surface parameterisation.

    Lab Measurements Wind tunnel

    2002 · Paper: Near Wall Flow over Urban-like Roughness ↗