Data portal · Method
Urban field campaign datasets: measurements in real cities
Measurements made outdoors in real cities: intensive observation campaigns, long-running tall-tower and rooftop flux sites, Doppler lidar and radiosonde profiles, tracer releases and dense networks of weather stations. They capture the full complexity of urban weather and are the reference against which models are judged.
- 97 resources
- 97 field
- 8 benchmarks
All 97 resources, largest first
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Harmonised data from a street-level network of 42 automatic weather stations in Freiburg for 2022. Useful for intra-urban temperature and wind variability.
Collection · 27 parts Field Measurements
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urbisphere Doppler wind lidar: Paris
11 partsRaw Doppler wind lidar measurements at the Paris-region site Arboretum Vallee-aux-Loups from the urbisphere campaign. Useful for urban boundary-layer wind and turbulence profiles.
Collection · 11 parts Field Measurements
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Raw Doppler wind lidar measurements at Berlin Rothenburgstrasse from the urbisphere campaign. Useful for urban boundary-layer wind and turbulence profiles.
Collection · 16 parts Field Measurements
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Full-scale surface pressure and velocity measurements on the 6 m Silsoe cube in natural wind, with wind-tunnel comparisons. Used as the CWE2000 validation case for CFD; time series and compiled means and variances are available.
Benchmark Field MeasurementsCase setup Wind tunnel
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Archive of London micrometeorological measurements covering wind, temperature, humidity, radiation and concentration. Useful for urban boundary-layer and urban climate studies; see the project site for the full list.
Collection · 13 parts Field Measurements
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5–20 tonne pressurised liquefied chlorine releases in 2015–16, partly inside a staggered array of about 80 shipping containers, with concentration arcs out to 11 km: the key dense-gas benchmark for built environments.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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A real-city SF6 field release sampled at 20 detectors, plus wind-tunnel pedestrian-level concentration time series for continuous and puff releases in a model of the same downtown.
Benchmark Field Measurements Wind tunnel
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Urban Dispersion Program field studies in 2005: two intensive periods around Madison Square Garden (March) and six in Midtown (August) with up to seven perfluorocarbon and SF6 tracers, street-level and rooftop samplers, sonic anemometers and sodars, plus indoor and subway sampling in MID05.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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Météo-France/CNRM campaign from February 2004 to February 2005: a city-centre flux tower and surface stations, boundary-layer profilers and intensive periods on the urban heat island, the urban boundary layer and aerosols. Widely used to evaluate urban canopy schemes such as TEB.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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DTRA/DHS field study in July 2003: ten 8-hour intensive periods of SF6 releases in the central business district, sampled by 194 bag samplers and 25 fast-response analysers, with winds and turbulence measured at about 100 sites. A classic real-city dispersion benchmark.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment, 2001–02: a year-long network of energy-balance towers across urban, suburban and rural sites, with a June–July 2002 intensive period adding a wind profiler, sodar/RASS, lidar, a street-canyon tower and four SF6 tracer releases. A reference for urban roughness-sublayer turbulence and energy balance.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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Classic multiscale urban dispersion campaign: SF6 and perfluorocarbon tracer releases with meteorology around a single building, across the downtown grid and over the wider city, mostly in stable night-time conditions. Files are openly downloadable by IOP.
Benchmark Field Measurements
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Distributed temperature sensing potential-temperature profiles along a 31 m mast in Helsinki, with turbulence temperature statistics. Useful for coastal urban surface-layer studies.
Field Measurements
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Raw 16-second data from about 110 citizen-science low-cost weather stations in Leuven, 2019-2025. Useful for urban temperature and microclimate studies.
Field Measurements
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Continuous Doppler wind lidar measurements of the coastal urban boundary layer and adjacent marine layer.
Field Measurements
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3D ultrasonic anemometer data from the Beijing 325 m tower for urban boundary-layer turbulence.
Field Measurements
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Street-level automatic weather station network data for Bristol, UK. Raw 2024 part 2.
Collection · 6 parts Field Measurements
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OpenFOAM-v8 set-ups for wind and concentration fields in several street-canyon scenarios.
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Turbulence measurements from the MoTUS project in an urban setup.
Field Measurements
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One-minute radiation (direct, global, diffuse, longwave) and basic meteorological data from the Friedrichstadt rooftop station in Berlin during the urbisphere campaign. Useful for urban surface energy balance and model evaluation.
Collection · 4 parts Field Measurements
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Continuous scanning Doppler-lidar wind measurements of downslope winds over the city and Port of Genoa, December 2024 to March 2025. Useful for urban boundary-layer and wind-hazard studies.
Field Measurements
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TURDATA from the TURBAN Prague campaign: low-cost air quality sensor network, meteorological station and remote-sensing vertical profiles in the Legerova street domain. Intended for validating micro-scale urban dispersion models.
Field Measurements
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High-density urban air temperature (and meteorological) network across the Birmingham conurbation, for urban heat island studies.
Collection · 3 parts Field Measurements
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Surface-atmosphere energy exchange data from eddy-covariance and scintillometer measurements in Enschede. Useful for urban flux model evaluation.
Collection · 2 parts Field MeasurementsSimulation output LES
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Raw urban canopy parameter measurements from fieldwork in Kampala (2018). Can be turned into detailed input fields for urban climate models.
Field GeometryMeasurements
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Calibration measurements, PALM simulations and survey data for urban thermal hotspots in a Czech city. Useful for evaluating urban microclimate LES and thermal comfort.
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Naphthalene sublimation measurements in a wind tunnel street canyon model from Reading, giving scalar transfer in urban canyons.
Collection · 3 parts Field Measurements Wind tunnel
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Scanning Doppler lidar and sonic anemometer data used to observe tall-building wakes in London.
Field Measurements
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Raw microwave radiometer profile measurements of temperature and humidity at TU Berlin Charlottenburg campus, 2021-2022. Useful for urban boundary-layer thermodynamic structure.
Collection · 2 parts Field Measurements
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Gap-filled flux tower observations with site characteristics for Urban-PLUMBER, for evaluating urban land surface models.
Field Measurements
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Aircraft profiles of wind, temperature, turbulence, sensible heat flux and trace gases in the urban boundary layer over the West Midlands (PUMA).
Collection · 2 parts Field Measurements
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Hourly temperature, humidity, pressure, irradiance, wind speed and direction from 40 automatic stations on the NUS campus during 2025. Useful for urban microclimate and model evaluation.
Field Measurements
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Field and CFD data for physics-informed surrogate modelling of urban wind under sparse measurements.
Field MeasurementsSimulation output RANSML / surrogate
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Half-hourly time series, fluxes, quadrant and wavelet results behind the figures of the paper, from the 325 m Beijing tower and the 102 m Xianghe tower, July 2017.
Field Measurements
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Hourly 2024 observations from 48 automatic weather stations across Shenzhen, including wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity and pressure. Useful for urban climate and wind analysis.
Field Measurements
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Hourly meteorological data from 17 weather stations in the Rome area. Useful for urban climate analysis and model evaluation.
Field Measurements
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Single-column WRF output and observations from the King's College London tower used to study urban boundary-layer processes. Useful for evaluating urban boundary-layer schemes.
Field Simulation outputMeasurements Mesoscale model
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Processed turbulence statistics and 10 Hz fluctuation records for four case studies from the 325 m Beijing tower and the 102 m Xianghe tower, July 2017.
Field Measurements
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Derived tables and scripts on wind turning with Paris wind and ERA5 boundary-layer height.
Field MeasurementsSoftware & tools
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Half-hourly observed and modelled turbulent fluxes at a Munich tall tower, 2024-2025, supporting CO2 emission estimates.
Field Measurements
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Surface meteorological data (wind, temperature) from Hangzhou 2013-2015 for studying interaction of mountain-plain wind with urban breeze.
Field Measurements
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Derived tables, figure assets and scripts for analysis of urban boundary-layer vertical decoupling.
Field MeasurementsSoftware & tools
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Monitoring campaign (Oct 2023-Jul 2024) of urban canyon climate including wind, temperature and humidity in vulnerable Madrid neighbourhoods. Useful for street-canyon field evaluation.
Field Measurements
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Harmonised automatic weather station and temperature logger observations from the UHIARC campaign in North-Eurasian Arctic cities.
Field Measurements
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3D wind and concentration data at 5-minute resolution from El Prat del Llobregat for validating CFD.
Field Measurements
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Urban wind profile dataset from Doppler lidar in Tokyo.
Field Measurements
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Vertical profiles of urban wind speed, direction and turbulence measured by lidar on the UCC campus.
Field Measurements
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Observations from the 325 m Beijing tower on non-stationary turbulence over a megacity.
Field Measurements
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One of the world's longest urban flux records (tower running since 2004, successor to the BUBBLE experiment): half-hourly CO2, heat and momentum fluxes, friction velocity and stability with footprints for 2015–2025.
Field Measurements
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Raw radiosonde (windsond) profiles during the urbisphere Paris campaign. Useful for urban boundary-layer structure.
Field Measurements
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Harmonised data from a street-level automatic weather station network in Freiburg. Useful for urban microclimate and heat studies.
Field Measurements
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Measured air temperature, humidity, radiation, globe temperature, wind speed and UTCI at static points and along walking routes in four Santiago neighbourhoods. Useful for outdoor thermal comfort studies.
Field Measurements
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Long-running tall-tower eddy-covariance records of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 over downtown and suburban Indianapolis, with raw 10 Hz data for turbulence statistics.
Field Measurements
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Eddy-covariance flux and meteorological observations from Swindon, 2011-2013, with SUEWS forcing files. Useful for urban surface energy balance model evaluation.
Field Measurements
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Year-long ARM Mobile Facility deployment with urban, rural and Chesapeake Bay nodes, measuring how the urban boundary layer differs from its surroundings through all seasons, including low-level jets and bay breezes. Doppler lidar, soundings, eddy covariance and profilers; free ARM account needed.
Field Measurements
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Observations from a summer 2023 heat-stress campaign at Sterre campus, Ghent, with devices in varied micro-environments including green spaces. Useful for urban thermal comfort and microclimate model validation.
Field Measurements
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Eddy covariance measurements at Berlin-Mitte from the urbisphere campaign. Useful for urban turbulence and surface flux studies.
Field Measurements
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Raw radiosounding profiles of temperature, humidity and wind during the urbisphere Berlin campaign. Useful for urban boundary-layer structure.
Field Measurements
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One-minute wind speed and direction at 16 m from a Gill sonic at Honor Oak Park, London.
Field Measurements
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Quality-controlled half-hourly fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat and CO2 from city towers in Zurich and Paris, plus Doppler wind-lidar profiles, released by the EU ICOS Cities (PAUL) project.
Field Measurements
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30-minute fluxes of momentum, heat, water vapour and CO2, plus raw 10 Hz sonic data, from a site among highways and buildings at UIC; part of the Chicago CROCUS network, which also runs Doppler lidar and SODAR (open but raw, not quality-controlled).
Field Measurements
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10-minute air temperature and humidity from a 27-station urban network.
Field Measurements
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Hourly divergence profiles over Beijing urban areas derived from radar wind profiler measurements.
Field Measurements
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Hourly air temperature from 12 urban sites in Novi Sad, Serbia, for 2016-2017. Useful for urban heat island analysis and model evaluation.
Field Measurements
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Avian-borne meteorological sensor package data from flights over Birmingham in 2018-19, giving data above rooftops in the urban boundary layer.
Field Measurements
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Continuous Doppler lidar in Baltimore from the BSEC Urban Integrated Field Lab: vertical-velocity variance, skewness and kurtosis, VAD wind profiles, boundary-layer and cloud-base height as daily CF-NetCDF files at 15-minute resolution.
Field Measurements
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BSEC network of street-level weather stations across Baltimore: temperature, humidity, wind, rain and solar radiation as 5-minute, hourly and daily CSV files from 2023.
Field Measurements
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Metadata for the Schools Weather and Air Quality citizen-science network of weather stations across Sydney.
Field Measurements
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A year of ARM Mobile Facility observations around Houston, aimed at sea-breeze convection and aerosol–cloud interaction, with Doppler lidar, soundings, flux and tethered-balloon data on the coastal urban boundary layer. Free ARM account needed.
Field Measurements
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Roadside measurements of NO released from a van, with wind speed and direction, used to validate CFD models in Oxford.
Field Measurements
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Hourly temperature and humidity from 20 aspirated sensors within Madrid's urban canopy layer, 2014-2017 onwards.
Field Measurements
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Mixed layer height from a ceilometer at Marylebone Road, London, 2012.
Field Measurements
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Python scripts reproducing analysis of distributed temperature sensing measurements of the coastal urban surface layer in Helsinki. Useful for urban boundary-layer turbulence analysis.
Field Software & tools
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Fluxes of CO2, heat, momentum and particles from the SMEAR III urban tower in Helsinki, 2005–2021.
Field Measurements
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Observations from summer 2017 and winter 2018 campaigns on the effect of vegetation on air quality in urban street canyons.
Field Measurements
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Eddy-covariance water, energy and carbon fluxes with ancillary meteorology at four urban landscapes in Phoenix during 2015.
Field Measurements
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17 street-level stations across the five boroughs plus rooftop eddy-covariance and Doppler-lidar / microwave-radiometer profiler sites. The flux readme warns of rooftop flow distortion.
Field Measurements
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Wind field, cloud base and mixing-layer height time series from a Doppler lidar and ceilometer network in Stuttgart ([UC]2 programme). Useful for urban boundary-layer studies.
Field Measurements
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High-resolution meteorological observations from a five-station network in Kampala, Uganda.
Field Measurements
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Full-scale Silsoe campaign on a 6 m cube, isolated and within an array of straw cubes, with three opening set-ups each. Ventilation was measured with pressure and tracer methods alongside internal and external flow, temperature and pressure; useful for cross-ventilation studies.
Field Measurements
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10 Hz sonic data at 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 m on an urban meteorological tower, July–August 2017, with fluctuations, spectra and statistics; suited to momentum and heat transport in the convective urban boundary layer.
Field Measurements
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National Environment Agency stations across Singapore with minute-level air temperature, humidity, wind and rainfall from 2016, available through an API.
Field Measurements
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Meteorology and air quality field campaign in London in 2011-12, with multiple sites and intensive observations during the 2012 Olympics. Useful for urban boundary-layer and air quality studies; individual datasets are available via the paper authors.
Field Measurements
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Field and physical-model measurements of wind-driven air infiltration into a building near the DAPPLE site in London. Useful for studying how the urban environment affects building ventilation.
Field Measurements Wind tunnel
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Urban atmospheric observations in London, including meteorological measurements on the BT Tower and Doppler lidar boundary-layer wind profiles. Useful for urban wind profiles, roughness and boundary-layer studies.
Field Measurements
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Air pollution field campaigns in London in 2006/7 with measurements at ground level and at 160 m on the BT Tower. Useful for studying pollutant concentrations and transport above and within a megacity.
Field Measurements
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Doppler lidar observations of the urban boundary layer over London during REPARTEE-II, including wind and boundary-layer depth. Useful for studying urban boundary-layer dynamics.
Field Measurements
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Tracer release experiments from the 2004 DAPPLE field campaign in central London. Useful for validating urban dispersion models against measured concentrations.
Field Measurements
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Field measurements of flow and turbulence at the DAPPLE intersection in London, linked to a study of traffic-related pollutant concentrations near the junction. Useful for studying dispersion at urban intersections.
Field Measurements
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Intensive tracer dispersion experiments with accompanying flow measurements at the DAPPLE site in central London (2007). Useful for testing urban dispersion and emergency-response models.
Field Measurements
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Rooftop meteorological measurements from the BT Tower during the DAPPLE campaign in London, used to reference street-level flows. Useful as reference wind and turbulence data for urban dispersion and emergency-response studies.
Field Measurements
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Perfluorocarbon tracer (PMCH) concentration measurements at sites around Birmingham characterising dispersion of pollutants within and from the city.
Field Measurements
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Field measurements of wind in street canyons near an urban intersection in London using ultrasonic anemometers. Useful for validating street-scale flow models.
Field Measurements
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Traffic and air pollution data from the DAPPLE site in central London. Useful for relating traffic emissions to pollutant concentrations at an urban intersection.
Field Measurements
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Field measurements of wind at the Marylebone Road intersection in London (DAPPLE site), collected to study pollution hotspots. Useful for understanding flow and dispersion at a real urban intersection.
Field Measurements
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Project on human-centred building design combining field, CFD and physical-model studies of urban flow and ventilation. Data release is pending; contact the project for access.
Field MeasurementsSimulation output Wind tunnel
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Project developing integrated models and decision-support tools for city design for natural ventilation and air quality, with CFD, field and physical-model work. Full data release is pending.
Field MeasurementsSimulation outputSoftware & tools Wind tunnel